Revealing medieval stained glass
We’re aware that the constant scaffolding on cathedrals has become a bit of a running joke (we needed 16 miles of it when we were working on the Great East Window!), so it’s worth celebrating when we get to take some down.
In January 2025, we are revealing the ‘S5’ window towards the east end of the cathedral. The recently conserved window is slightly unusual. It dates from the late 14th century and we think it can be attributed to John Berg, a rather mysterious figure from that time, but it also showcases repairs from the 1830s following a disastrous fire.
We spoke to Professor Sarah Brown, Director of York Glaziers Trust, to learn more about the window which is being revealed throughout the month as the team work to carefully remove the scaffolding that has allowed them to access this great treasure.
Caring for the Chapter House doors
When your doors are 700 years old, they need some tender loving care every now and again!
Our Research Coordinator, Dr Jennie England, explains what makes the Chapter House Doors so special and why you may see conservators during your visit.
Our Digital Surveyor, has been hard at work scanning these medieval doors. Luke will create a 3D digital model of the doors from the scans, using brand-new technology to hopefully bring new insights into these awesome ancient objects.
Dismantling the Grand Organ
Take a look behind the scenes as specialists remove one of the largest cathedral organs in the country for the first time in more than 100 years.
Since 1903, York Minster’s Grand Organ has been at the heart of daily worship at the cathedral. But this constant use combined with the heavy footfall in the Minster which throws up dirt and dust, and the building’s temperature changes and humidity, mean it is now in need of a major refurbishment to ensure its reliability into the next century.
The first stage in this two year, £2m project is to completely dismantle the organ, and during October 2018 this mammoth task is being carried out by a team of eight people from organ specialists Harrison and Harrison.
The team has been on site since 8 October and during the next three weeks will be carefully removing 5,379 pipes, which range in length from the size of a pencil to 10m long. This includes the 100 decorative case pipes which have been silent since the last major refurbishment in 1903 but will be returned to voice as part of the current project.
The case pipes date from the early 1830s and have a high lead content, meaning that the soft metal has bent and bowed in places under the weight of the pipes. Harrison and Harrison will reshape the pipes and line them with zinc to strengthen the structure, before graining and marbling specialists Robert Woodland and Son clean, repair and restore their decorative surfaces returning them to their original splendour.
Other work during the three week period includes removing the enormous organ console and lifting the blowers stored beneath the floor of the North Quire Aisle. The instrument will be transported to the team’s workshop in Durham for cleaning and repair works to be carried out, before work to reinstall the organ starts in spring 2020.
Learn more about the fiery origins of the organ under our Stories section, or to support the project see our donations pages.
Stoneyard Apprentice James Digger
We catch up with first-year apprentice James Digger about life at the Minster and his thoughts on #StoneFest18
Restoring an international work of art
With one of the biggest conservation and restoration projects of its kind now complete, we caught up with Sarah Brown, Director of York Glaziers Trust, to talk about the Trust’s work over the last decade on the country’s largest medieval stained glass window.
The Great East Window has dominated York Minster’s East End for 600 years, with millions of people marvelling at its majesty over the centuries. But few have had the opportunity to study its content at close quarters, to develop our understanding of the story it tells or to uncover evidence of its creators, including the fingerprints of the original glaziers preserved in the glass.
So, for even the most experienced expert at York Glaziers Trust (YGT), the chance to work on the internationally renowned stained glass window has been a unique career highlight.
The Trust’s involvement started as early as 2005, when the need for extensive work on the East End’s stone and glass first emerged. At the time, Sarah Brown was a trustee of York Glaziers Trust, becoming its Director in 2008.
“It was such an enormous project and so demanding that it was clear that, to complete it to its full potential, it was going to need a remarkable mix of skills,” she explained.
At the start of the project, only basic details were known about the window’s history. Material from the Minster’s archives showed it had been created by master glazier John Thornton, of Coventry, between 1405 and 1408, and that he was paid £56 for his part in its completion. The window depicts the beginning and end of all things, from the Book of Genesis to the Apocalypse, but little was known about the window’s story, and the biblical sources and medieval vision it represents.
“It has become clear during the project that its extraordinary monumentality was always taken into account by its creators – it was always meant to be read from the floor of the cathedral,” Sarah explains.
Other hidden details about the window’s creation were also discovered when conservators began examining the glass.
“I think we all found it thrilling when we started to find little scraps of physical evidence of the people who had been working on the window originally – fingerprints in the paint and marks left from filaments of clothing when it had been fired in the kiln,” Sarah added.
“It connected you with the people who, like you, had been working on the window centuries before.
“We also found graffiti from the 1820s including the names and ages of the craftsmen and young apprentices. It’s quite moving to come face to face with someone who has put his name and age against his work – some as young as 14.”
But the project has not just involved preserving the window’s history, it’s also required the team to devise new ways to protect its future through a new, state-of-the-art protective glazing system. The solution chosen was a new UV resistant, hand-blown glass manufactured by Glasshϋtte Lamberts in Germany. The cathedral was the first building in the UK to use the glass, with the widest worldwide use to date.
“We had considered at an early stage if we could use UV resistant glazing but the materials available at the time were not suitable,” Sarah explains. “It seemed immensely providential that a new UV glass came on stream just at a time when we could use it. We could protect the window from its traditional enemy – water – but the new glass meant we could eliminate its exposure to UV light, which was a real game changer.”
The Trust’s work on the project has been far reaching. As well as the conservation aspects, the team has worked with art historians, surveyors and members of the clergy to understand the history of the window and the narrative it tells. The funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund allowed it to open the Bedern Glaziers Studio where members of the public could see and speak with conservators working on the 600-year-old glass.
Other opportunities have included developing its work and systems for monitoring the glass, its photography to record the panels and training new staff including five apprenticeships which were created during the project.
So, with the project finally drawing to a close after more than a decade, how does it feel to see the finished window?
“It’s undoubtedly been a career highlight working on such wonderful glass. There’s no debate – the Great East Window is up there as an international work of art and we all feel immensely privileged to have been part of it,” Sarah explains.
“At the time we were working on the panels we could see how marvellous they were, but what we couldn’t judge was the impact when they were returned to the building – it looks wonderful and I’m thrilled.
“I think part of what the project has achieved is a massive increase in public awareness of the stained glass at the Minster and the treasure we hold. It’s a very, very special collection of glass and we’re hugely privileged to have it.”
Sarah Brown’s new book, The Great East Window of York Minster – An English Masterpiece, will be available to purchase from the York Minster Shop from mid-May 2018.